Consider these:

• Do my visitors have an enjoyable experience on my website?
• What is the quality of my content, and how does it relate to my visitors?
• Does the design of my site look professional and appealing?
• How can I develop strong links back to my site?

Do my visitors have an enjoyable experience on my website?

Ever clicked on a link on a site and had it go to a page that no longer exists and get frustrated by it? How about have to click through 20 seemingly pointless pages of a site just to finally get to the information you’re looking for? If you’re any veteran of the internet you’ve come across these or worse, and it’s an understatement to say that they’re frustrating. In visitor terms each of these usability issues has a negative impact upon the visitor’s experience. Visitors take things like broken links, difficult to read content with poor headings, a complicated navigational structure and difficult to access pages that take forever to load or regularly time out (to name a few things) as signs that a website is sub-par and therefore not worth their time.

Remember, there may be over a billion users out there but there are also hundreds of millions of websites and more keep coming up every day. That means that each website is in a constant struggle with the millions of others out there to draw in more visitors as right now there is roughly one website for every six to seven people who use the internet. In economic terms this means high supply of a product which in turn means greater consumer choice and flexibility. Make sure your website is fully functional and usable to keep drawing in traffic, otherwise you’ll find you’re losing customers quickly to your competition.

What is the quality of my content, and how does it relate to my visitors?

While search engines can’t directly tell if a site’s content is high quality and related to a topic, your users can. The more users who like your site, the more likely they are to link back to your site, recommend it to their friends, or simply be repeat visitors to your site. In short, the more you can draw in visitors the more your site can rise in search engine rankings. So how do you make sure you regularly develop high quality content for your users? A few key ideas you need to consider is research, resource development, and making information unique to users.

By going out and regularly visiting forums, newspapers or other information sources you can make sure that you have the most up-to-date information possible for your field. Nothing will hurt you more than constantly being out-of-date and providing yesterday’s news to users who have probably heard it all before at a dozen of other sites. With that in mind ask yourself, “How can I invent rather than imitate my peers?” Providing new, unique content to website visitors can help you keep on track with attracting more people to your site and make your site noteworthy to visitors.

Does the design of my site look professional and appealing?

Aside from simply getting all aspects of your site working properly and ensuring you have high quality content you also need to think about the looks of your site. The internet is littered with web pages that are poorly designed, have bad layouts, poor color schemes, or generally look unprofessional. At the same time it’s important to bear in mind what “professional” means to your audience. Take Sina.com for example, one of China’s most popular websites for social blogging and other news. At a glance most westerners tend to find it quite busy with lots of bright contracting colors and animation, pop-ups, and text-heavy pages with little detailed or smooth design, yet at the same time this is a culturally acceptable site look and is highly approved of by their users and other sites targeting the Asian market.

That said, know your target market and adjust for them accordingly. Make your site appeal to those you’re trying to target and keep adjusting with trends. For most people in the world, don’t do too many fancy things to your web pages (e.g. cascading waterfalls, fun tails on mouse pointers that track across the screen, etc.). Keep it simple, keep it professional, and keep it geared towards your target audience. “Google” didn’t become a verb by making a site full of every small little thing they could think of, they became synonymous with online search by focusing on one aspect and dominating the market in it. Do the same to your site and you’ll succeed.

For some examples of some of the best designed web pages using CSS, check out CSS Zen Garden

How can I develop strong links back to my site?

While this can get quite complicated if gone into detail and many people have essentially written books on different strategies for link building alone, there are a few basic things you can keep in mind when considering how to encourage people to link back to your site.

Develop something people can use. If you develop a new tool, a new process, even a new procedure on how to approach a situation, people can walk away from your site feeling like they’ve accomplished something with their visit. If and when they then use the thing you developed others will then know more about you and come check your site out. Viral marketing such as this is the key to success for many businesses around the world and is just the thing to get your name out there on the web.

Make it social. Provide reviews, do interviews, publish expert advice, develop a discussion community of likeminded people…anything where people feel they can be involved regularly and have quality feedback is sure to encourage repeat visitors and develop a following of those who will link back to your site. Remember, by nature people care about nobody more than themselves. Get them involved or interested in your site somehow by appealing to them socially and the links will start pouring in.

Visuals are your friend. Long gone are the days where pages of simple text alone was an appealing find. Add visuals to your page in the form of pictures or videos, particularly in areas where these are not expected (e.g. on a website for computer coding or writing as opposed to celebrity gossip tabloids, for example). Introducing fun, interesting visuals can keep people coming back for more and encourage people to share your site with their peers.

Remember, these are but a few of the many great ways to help develop links back to your site. If you’re starting off in a redesign take it slow, work some new ideas into your site, and always watch how your visitors react. If they react poorly to something take it off and replace it with something else, while if something is effective keep it up. It may take time to develop your pages, but in the long run it’s well worth it.

1. First create a new .php file. You’ll need to create a basic form which posts to itself. The form needs to have 2 input text fields named “username” and “password” along with a submit button. The code for this is displayed below, I recommend just copying the info below and pasting it into your php file.<br /> <head><br /> <title>User Create</title><br /> </head></p> <form name=”form1″ method=”post” action=”"> <table width=”350″ border=”0″ cellspacing=”0″ cellpadding=”0″> <tr> <td> <div align=”center”>Username</div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align=”center”> <input name=”username” type=”text” id=”username”> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align=”center”>Password</div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align=”center”> <input name=”password” type=”text” id=”password”> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div align=”center”> <input type=”submit” name=”Submit” value=”Create”> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </form> <p>
2. Now that you have a form setup which will send information to you we get on to the php coding.
3. Inside the code at the top of the page (above everything) create a section for your PHP code <?php ?>
4. Your first step will be to receive the variables sent by the form, afterall if no variables are sent theres no reason to waste loading time. So add to the script a bit with the following. Form data is contained viagra a global variable labled $_POST. You can then access the
   individual fields by changing the name from “username” to whatever you wish.

   <?php $username=$_POST['username']; ?>

5. Now we’ll need to test to see if there was any information in that variable. This code just performs a check, to see if what is inside the parenthesis () is true.
   If it is true then it will do something else (that something is contained within the { } tags. In the statement if ($username) we are saying if something happened to $username do the following.

   <?php if ($username) { } ?>

6. Finally we’re on to the real query section. Here we will need to define the other variables of $password and $uid connect to the database. Check to see if any other users already have the chosen username. The insert the new username and password combination into the database. First lets connect to the database. Remember all of this code will be within the { } tags from the if statement in step 5.
   

   <?php if ($username) { /* you need to connect using the proper username and password if you installed the wamp server and didn't change any settings your username will be 'root' and your password wil be blank the below is a standard connect with password and username mysql_connect("localhost", 'yourusername', 'yourpassword') the below is what you can use if you still have the default wamp installation settings*/ mysql_connect("localhost", 'root') or die("could not connect"); /* by adding the "or die" on to this you make the system report an error message. If theres a problem*/ mysql_select_db("school"); //Please choose the database name you created in the last tutorial; } ?>

7. Ok now that you are connected to the database we should create the variables you’ll be using. First the password, this is basically a repeat of Step 4.
   

   <?php $password=$_POST['password']; ?>

8. Now lets create the final variable the Unique ID. This will allow you keep track of data in an anonymouse way. In this step there are several functions including a random number creator, and a while loop.The random number creator will come first, this allows us to create a new ID for this user’s account.
   

   <?php /* the statement below will set $uid as a random number between 1 and 999,999. This gives us a 6 digit unique identification number.*/ $uid=rand(1,999999); ?>

   Now we’ll run a check to see if there another ID equal to the newly generated one above. This is the first query.

   <?php /*query the table, this returns information regarding a row with the random id above.*/ $query="SELECT * FROM users WHERE uid='$uid';"; $result = mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error()); //place the results of the query into a variable $row = mysql_fetch_array($result); /*create a dummy variable with the value of username from the table. This will be blank if there aren't any users with the same id number.*/ $dummy=$row['username']; ?>

   The following which is a loop which will means it will happen again and again as long as the requirements are met.

   <?php //while the $dummy != (is not equal) to "" (nothing) do what is inside the {} while ($dummy!="") { //first make dummy equal to nothing $dummy=""; //set the uid to a new random number $uid=rand(1,999999); //query the database $query="SELECT * FROM users WHERE uid='$uid';"; $result = mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error()); $row = mysql_fetch_array($result); /*set dummy as equal to the username, if the uid was unique then the username will now be equal to ""*/ $dummy=$row['username']; } //finish the loop with a } ?>

9. Now we’ll check to make sure the username isn’t already in the database and then either show an error message or insert the new user/password into the database.
   

   <?php /*query the database, similar to the first part of step 5, however instead of uid, we're looking at username*/ $query="SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='$username';"; $result = mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error()); $row = mysql_fetch_array($result); /*set dummy as equal to the uid, if the username was unique then the uid will now be equal to ""*/ $dummy=$row['uid']; //if the username alraedy has information in it then display an error mesage if ($dummy!="") { echo "Sorry $username is already registered, please choose another username"; /*notice I used $ in front of username. This will make the variable appear in the error message*/ } /*or else do this (so if the if statement above isn't true insert a new row into the database.*/ else { $query="INSERT INTO `users` ( `username` , `password` , `uid` ) VALUES ('$username', '$password', '$uid');"; $result = mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error()); echo "username: $username, password: $password created sucessfully"; // the echo gives a success message which details the username and password. } ?>

1. First off is some html code for a form, the form will send via post method one variable for age.
   <form method=”post”>Age <input name=”age” type=”text” id=”age”></form>
   
2. So now you’ve got a basic form that has a field for age. Now lets put in some a php code area and get started <?php ?>
   
3. Now we need to put a variable there to catch whatever is posted back to the document. You can assign a vairable to a post like in the example.
   

   <?php /*$_POST is the method for describing a posted variable, then you describe the id of the variable within the [' '] tags.*/ $age=$_POST['age']; echo "Age: $age"; ?>

   This should print out Age: if you just start the page, and if you submit an age it will say Age: [your age here].

4. Now lets add in a simple if statement determining if the age is below a certain point, if it is say below 13 we’ll assign a variable $error a sentence detailing how this site is made for those 13 or above.
   

   <?php $age=$_POST['age']; if ($age<13) {$error="Sorry this site is only for those aged 13 or above."} /* just having the variable in an if statement's ()s checks to see if the variable has been assigned anything or not. If it has it will run the statement.*/ if ($error) {echo $error;} ?>

   Depending on what you submit to the page this will either print nothing or it will print Sorry this site is only for those aged 13 or above.
   

5. Lets add in an else statement so that if they are able to see the site it will tell them that the site is redirecting them there now.
   

   <?php $age=$_POST['age']; if ($age<13) {$error="Sorry this site is only for those aged 13 or above."} if ($error) {echo $error;} else { echo "Your old enough to view the site, redirecting you now.";} ?>

   This will either tell the person they’re too young or tell them they’re old enough and the site is redirecting.

6. The final part of the script is actually redirecting a person if they are of the correct age. So add in the following code to the redirect. header(’Location: http://www.example.com/’);
   

   <?php $age=$_POST['age']; if ($age<13) {$error="Sorry this site is only for those aged 13 or above."} if ($error) {echo $error;} else { echo "Your old enough to view the site, redirecting you now."; //remember you would be changing example.com below to whatever url you need. header('Location: http://www.example.com/');} ?>

   This will either tell you that your not old enough or redirect you to http://www.example.com, This lesson is now over.

1. Lets get started by opening your favorite editor and starting a fresh source page. Start off with the basic coding which denotes a php area. <?php ?>
2. Now lets add in a variable and an echo statement. Give one variable a value of 0 then echo it.
   

   <?php $x=0; echo $x; ?>

   This should print out 0.

   PHP generally starts many constructs at 0, not at 1 so its generally better to start counting from 0 in programming..

3. Now lets add in a basic loop. The while statement is very similar to an if statement except a while loop will do the things as long as its conditions are met (or until timeout which is generally 3-5 minutes depending on your server settings).
   

   <?php while (/*requirements*/) { //Stuff to do } ?>

   This won’t print anything yet

4. Now lets make that actually do something. We’ll have it run 5 times, so while $x<5 do something. Of course we have to increase $x inside the loop otherwise it won’t end. So the only action we have right now is adding one to $x, we can do this with $x=$x+1; or in english x is equal to x +1.
   

   <?php $x=0; while ($x<5) { $x=$x+1; } ?>

   This won’t print anything yet

5. Now lets add on an echo so we can see the progress of $x counting up towards 5.
   

   <?php $x=0; while ($x<5) { echo $x; $x=$x+1; } ?>

   This should print out “12345“

6. Ok now there is a better way to add one to $x and thats a special operation which is coded like this ++$x;
7. Now lets add some text to each echo so it looks a bit nicer. You can print a variable and letters by using an echo with quotes. so in this statement echo “x: $x”; the first x will simply be the letter x and the second one which is preceded by a $ will be the variable.
   

   <?php $x=0; while ($x<5) { echo "x=$x"; ++$x; } ?>

   This should print out “x: 1x: 2x: 3x: 4x: 5”
   Now this doesn’t look much nicer (actually it looks worse!), but we’ll fix that in the next step.

8. A PHP echo will place code directly into the html of a file. So if you type html code into the echo you can use different html functions to change displays. In this way you can make things bold, manipulate css styles etc. For now we’ll just add a <br> to the end of each line this will make the numbers go to different lines.
   

   <?php $x=0; while ($x<5) { echo "x=$x<br>"; ++$x; } ?>

   This should print out:
   x: 1
   x: 2
   x: 3
   x: 4
   x: 5

• What is link building?
• Why is link building important?
• Where can I build my links?
• Can I buy links?

What is link building?

Link building is, in short, the process of building links to your site in order to increase traffic and rankings in search engines. There are a number of ways to do this, including getting your site listed in directories, developing a network of similar niche sites, promoting your site commercially through some well-known media sources, or even simply having your friends and family link back to your site from their own. The key to this is developing quality, natural links (i.e. not listing your site on rubbish link farms that search engines tend to overlook or using other dubious link building methods such as spam to promote your site on the web).

Why is link building important?

In today’s fast-paced, niche-centered web, ranking high on a search engine for specific keywords or phrases is important to attract the hundreds of millions of people around the world who use the internet daily to come to your website. To do this your site needs to be seen by search engines as having relevance to a particular searcher’s needs when they look for specific words or phrases. Making these search engines see your site as being relevant will help boost your ranking in search engine results and increase your traffic. The most effective way to boost your ranking is for other websites to link back to yours. When this occurs it is essentially a vote by Site A (the site linking in) to Site B (your site). The more votes a site has, the more relevant it is seen by search engines to suit their particular customer’s needs. The more powerful the site is casting the vote (such as .gov, .edu, or other well established sites) the more powerful the incoming link is.

Where can I build my links?

There are a number of different ways that you can build your links. As mentioned earlier, some of these can even be your close friends and family that may have their own websites that may be similar to your own. The key here is those last four words: similar to your own. Many times people ignore this part and develop links from rubbish link farms that are ignored by most SERPs and contribute no value to your site. Make sure that any links that you generate are also followed. If a link has the “nofollow” attribute attached to it then it does not contribute to your site’s rankings. SEO Book has some useful tools for Firefox users that can allow you to check these and other website information such as Page Rank (again, still a bit important, but not the end-all, be-all in today’s SEO world) as you browse. Simply sign up for free and you can gain access to them.

Submit your sites to specialized directories as well. Many new directories open each day and offer site submission for free to get their directory off the ground. These can be found in many forums around the internet, so keep your eyes peeled. You can also try submitting your site to DMOZ, a very large user-run directory that many other directories draw off of.

Just remember, try and keep your backlinks focused and quality. Quantity may be good, but not if they’re not contributing at all to your website.

Can I buy links?

The simple answer is “Yes, you can, though it’s not encouraged.” You can search the web and find many individuals or companies out there that are willing to sell links from their sites back to yours. Sometimes this can possibly help give your site a large boost to its rank. It’s encouraged not to do this, however, as many search engines tend to see this as an attempt to boost your ranking via money rather than actual relevance to users. Currently many search engines such as Google and Yahoo! have advanced search algorithms in place and are constantly updating them to find and discount paid links to sites in order to create a more balanced, fair experience for their users.

1. Titles, URLs and Other Meta Information
2. Site Accessibility
3. Site Layout

Titles, URLs and Other Meta Information

Some of the most over-looked aspects of websites, these three items play important roles in search engines determining the overall relevancy of your site and, in turn, your ranking. Properly using title tags (H1, H2 etc.) for example helps search engine spiders determine what key information exists on the page and allow you to target keyword phrases that may help you drive traffic to specific sections of your website. This can be coupled with proper meta information (meta tags and descriptions) that search engines can use to help track information within a page. While it may be true that meta descriptions may not play as much of a role in search engine results now as they did in the past they can still help drive traffic to your site if the description is relevant and increases click-throughs.

Good looking URLs can also play a good role in attracting and retaining visitors as well as helping you rank in search engines by increasing the keywords on page. Compare the two following examples:

Sony mylo Internet Devices

http://www.sonystyle.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CategoryDisplay?catalogId=10551&storeId=10151&langId=-1&categoryId=3711&SR=nav:shop:mp3_portable_elec:personal_communicators:ss&ref=http%3A//www.sony.com/index.php

Wal-Mart’s In-Store Free Samples and Trials

http://instoresnow.walmart.com/In-Stores-Now-Free-Samples-And-Trials.aspx

In the first example the long string of text in the URL is a dynamic URL that, while it may be useful for database queries, is not very user friendly. At a quick glance the website visitor does not know what page they are on nor could a search engine easily determine the relevance of this page to a user. In the second example, the URL is clearly laid out and is easy for a user to determine exactly where they are on the page and navigate accordingly. This is important to plan your site for from the beginning a site re-work later on to correct this can be both quite costly and time consuming.

Site Accessibility

Make sure that your site is fully accessible and working at all times. This means no broken links, no missing pages, no server downtime, and appropriate file sizes for each of your files. From a site visitor standpoint this means that your site is appealing to all visitors, they can easily load all items, and they can have an enjoyable experience on your site. From a search engine standpoint, excessive loading times can actually cause search engines to not index some pages on your site, while broken links may also stop some indexing from occurring. Should this happen your site may not fully rank for what you are targeting and as such your traffic will suffer significantly.
Make sure that all of your site content is accessible to search engines as well. Text and other items in picture format, for example, can not be searched for by engines and as such if it is not attributes a proper alt text you may lose traffic on key areas.

Site Layout

Finally, ensure that your site layout is managed properly in order to allow for both users and search engines to access all information on your site quickly and effectively. Information should never be buried more than two clicks away from your home page (or three clicks, in the case of larger websites). This helps ensure that the information is readily accessible to your viewers and helps ensure that all pages are indexed appropriately in all search engines. You can also make use of a sitemap and 301 redirects to make sure users and search engine spiders are directed to the proper location on your site rather than lost in outdated information. Finally, as a rule of thumb, make sure all information located on the website is laid out from broad/general information down to specific ideas. This both helps website visitors to locate information they are interested in as well as inform search engines that your site is highly relevant and on topic.

View previous post in Basics of SEO series, Basics of Keyword Research

• Links
• Content
• On-Page Factors

Links

When one site links to another on the web this could be seen by a search engine spider as a vote for that website. In short, if site A links to site B, that is essentially a vote by site A for site B. The more links that come in to a site the more the site is seen as valuable content that may benefit a user. The larger power the site has that casts the initial vote (site A in my example) the more value the incoming link has overall.

Content

Content also plays an important factor for websites. Websites that have content that matches closely to specified search terms allows customers of search engines to have better user experiences. Search engines consider sites with high quality content to have more authority on a topic, just as individual consumers would go to the most experienced or knowledgeable professional for advice or quality service. The more authority a site has, the more relevant it is considered to be to a customer’s search query to satisfy the customer’s needs for the search.

On-Page Factors

There are a number of on-page factors that play important roles in search engine ranking of sites. Sites with good page titles and headers that relate to specified search terms, for example, tend to carry more weight than pages where titles and headers are unrelated to search terms yet their content is. Proper usage of H1, H2 and even H3 headers that relate to targeted search terms in web pages can help bolster web page ranking than those who simply describe the subject in their content.

Complex Algorithms to Combat Spam

In each of these areas search engines are constantly waging a war against link spammers that post links on a wide range of sites attempting to increase their relevancy to particular terms. Some website developers use this to their advantage to gather ranking in search engines and drive more traffic. To counter these rubbish links search engines are regularly developing more and more complex algorithms (with thousands of factors that affect search engine results) to search the web, ignoring or eliminating these shady websites.

View previous post in Basics of SEO series, What is Search Engine Optimization (SEO)?

View next post in Basics of SEO series, Basics of Keyword Research

1. Idea Generation
2. Visitor/Customer Research
3. Keyword Research
4. Performance Tracking

1. Idea Generation

Consider all possibilities of what your site’s visitors or potential visitors will be looking for when searching online for information. This is a general brainstorming time and not one to rule out items. These could be single words, short phrases, or even longer, more specific phrases that would have strong relevance to your site and what you are offering.

2. Visitor/Customer Research

If your site has been up for some time research into what the visitors like. Do they tend to go to one particular area on your website? Do they generally come to your site by using particular search terms? Even a free program for tracking visitor’s like Google’s Analytics can be of help in this.

Haven’t had a site for long but you’ve have had a business operating for quite some time? Do the same research you would conduct online into your customers by reviewing purchase logs, conducting surveys, reviewing historical records…any records you may have for your customers that you have been using over the years to adjust your business should be considered targets you should look at.

Once you have gathered information from your customer research you can then begin eliminating some of the words or phrases you generated in your Idea Generation stage and move to the next stage in your research.

3. Keyword Research

Now that you have a few basic keywords to look for, do some research into each and find out its benefit to you. Using some easily accessible tools such as Google’s Adwords Keyword Tool you can find out how often internet users search for particular terms and see what may be most relevant to you. If you are an online dog toy company, for example, people regularly search for the term “dog toys” according to Google’s tool roughly 301,000 times a month, while a focus on “buy dog toys” gets roughly 590 searches a month. The number of searches for the second term may be less, however at the same time the searches for this term would most likely generate better leads to your site and would increase your sales revenues over someone looking for a more general term.

You also need to research into what your customer’s intent is when searching for a particular search term. In my previous example, if I search for the term “dog toys” my goal may not be to buy dog toys but to simple see what dog toys are out there. Maybe I am even looking for examples of ways to design my own dog toys at home. The phrase “buy dog toys”, however, is much more specific and it is reasonable to assume that if I were to search for these terms I would be a potential customer.

As you research into the various keywords always bear in mind “what is the searcher’s intent in looking for these words?” and “how will my site satisfy that need?”

4. Performance Tracking

Once you have established your key terms and begin working them into your website continue tracking your site’s traffic for those terms. Regularly check your traffic sources and terms being searched for and adjust your site accordingly. This can focus your site to meet visitor demands, increase your ranking and conversions, and ultimately increase your site’s profitability overall.

View previous post in Basics of SEO series, Basics of How Search Engines Work

View next post in Basics of SEO series, Basics of Critical Website Components

When using a search engine the more relevant a website is to the specified search query the higher it ranks on a page. For example, a website selling various automobile parts may be listed somewhere in the 464 million search results on Google for the keyword “cars”, however websites dealing with cars specifically (such as cars.com or cars.gov) are generally seen on the first page of the search results.

Search engines provide results for users based upon complex calculations or algorithms that are designed to apply information retrieval (or IR) processes to their immense databases of websites to determine which websites best match the user’s search criteria and display the results in descending order, beginning with the most relevant search and ranking downward from there. With over 182 million websites existing today effective IR processes are important to provide searchers with exactly what they intend to search for.

SEO is the process of improving websites to increase their relevancy to specific search teams and increase the ranking a site has in search results. The higher the ranking, the more likely the site is to receive traffic from web searches. Applying SEO to a website can help make a website more accessible to search engine IR processes and, in turn, increase its rank and profits.

View next post in Basics of SEO series, Basics of How Search Engines Work